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SUBSTITUTIONS
Remember that not all will work in all recipes. You may also need to adjust the liquids used in the recipe for some subsitutions.1 tbs. Arrowroot- use 2 tbs. all-purpose flour or 1 tbs. cornstarch
Apple pie spice = use ground spices 4 parts cinnamon + 2 parts nutmeg + 1 part cardamom
1 tsp. Baking Powder- use 1/2 tsp. Cream of Tartar and 1/4 tsp. baking soda and 1/4 tsp. cornstarch (many store brands contain aluminum)
5 tsp. Brandy- use 1 tsp. Brandy Extract
1 cup reduced fat Buttermilk - use 1 3/4 tsp. Cream of Tartar and 1 cup 2% milk or 1 tbs. vinegar plus enough 2% milk to make 1 cup (let stand 5 minutes before using) or up to 1/4 cup lemon juice and 3/4 cup milk
Bouquet garni equal parts parsley, thyme, and crushed bay leaf
When baking, you can cut down on or omit the amount of butter or margarine used by substituting applesauce. A good rule of thumb is no more than 1 tablespoon of applesauce per 1 cup of flour.
CAKE FLOUR 1 cup of cake flour = 7/8 of a cup all purpose flour
Cilantro=corriander leaf=equal parts parsley & mint, or use parsley add a dash of lemon juice
1 Tablespoon cornstarch = Two Tablespoons flour
1 Cup Corn Syrup = 3/4 cup sugar + 1/4 cup water
Two egg yolks = 1 whole egg
condensed milk = evaporated milk NOT SWEETENED CONDENSED
Two Tablespoons flour = 1 Tablespoon cornstarch
Five spice powder = equal parts of ground black pepper, star anise (or anise), cinnamon, cloves, and fennel,
1 medium size clove Garlic- use 1/8 tsp. Garlic Powder
1 tbs. fresh herbs- use 1 tsp. dry leafy herbs
Herbes de Provence - use thyme or make it 4 parts thyme + 4 parts summer savory + 2 parts lavender + 1 part rosemary
Italian seasoning basil, marjoram, oregano, rosemary, sage, and thyme all in equal amounts.
Kohlrabi broccoli stems OR turnips OR parsnips
1 tsp. grated orange or Lemon Peel- use 1/2 tsp. dehydrated Lemon or Orange peel
Lemon pepper Combine black pepper, salt, & lemon zest (peel)
Marjoram Use two parts of oregano for three parts of marjoram OR basil OR summer savory
1 medium size Onion, chopped (2/3 cup) - use 1 tbs. Onion Powder or 1/4 cup instant Chopped Onion
Onion soup mix One package = 1/4 C instant minced onion + 2 tablespoons bouillon + 1/2 teaspoon onion powder
1 tsp. grated Orange Peel or lemon peel - use 1/2 tsp. dehydrated Lemon or Orange Peel
Oregano: use marjoram (very similar, but milder and sweeter; use 1 1/2 times as much) OR thyme OR basil OR summer savory
To make your own Powdered sugar (confectioner's sugar) Mix 1 cup granulated sugar + 1 tablespoon corn starch in blender until powdery, stirring often
Pickling spice - 1/4 C each mustard seeds, dill seeds, and coriander seeds, 2 tablespoons each crushed chili peppers and bay leaves, and 1 tablespoon each celery seeds and white peppercorns.
Poultry seasoning- Mix equal amounts of dried sage, thyme, and marjoram or oregano. ( or 1/2 marjoram and 1/2 oregano)
Pumpkin pie spice - MIX 4 parts cinnamon, 2 parts ginger, 1 part allspice and 1 part nutmeg. Or mix equal amounts of ground cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, mace, and cloves.
Rutabaga- turnip (smaller, not as sweet; less cooking time
Red pepper flakes = crushed red pepper = pizza pepper
Shallots white part of green onions OR onions (1 small onion = 3 shallots) + dash crushed garlic
Superfine sugar (Castor sugar )mix granulated sugar in blender for several minutes
Seafood boil spices = In cheesecloth 3 bay leaves, 1 piece dried ginger (small) , and 1 teaspoon each of black peppercorns, mustard seeds, dill seeds, coriander seeds, whole cloves, and whole allspice.
Seasoning salt Blend 1 Cup salt, 2 1/2 tsp. paprika, 2 tsp. dry mustard, 1 1/2 tsp. dried crushed oregano, 1 tsp. garlic powder, and 1/2 tsp. onion powder. You might need to blend this in the blender for a minute.
SELF RISING FLOUR - 3 cups flour, 2 TBS. baking powder, 1 teas. salt - Sift these ingredients together, thoroughly, approx. 6 times. Store covered, & keep in a cool dry place (refrigerate or freeze). Makes approx. 3 1/8 cups. This should be used within 4 months or 8 months if refrigerated.
Taco seasoning- To make enough for 1 lb of beef, combine 1 tsp. salt, 1/2 tsp. chili powder, 1/4 tsp. each pepper, cumin, and oregano, and a pinch of crushed red pepper
Vanilla sugar -put a vanilla bean in a pound of granulated sugar for a week.
-- Karen (mountains_mama2@hotmail.com), March 10, 2002