The Money Game - Billions From Bankers...Debt For The People

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The Money Game - Billions From Bankers...Debt For The People

By Sheldon Emry

From CCW

4-26-00

Introduction

The love of money is the root of all evil

(1 Timothy 6: 10)

In 1901, the national debt of the United States was less than $1 billion. It stayed at less than $1 billion until we got into World War I. Then it jumped to $25 billion.

The national debt nearly doubled between World War I and World War II, increasing from $25 billion to $49 billion. Between 1942 and 1952, the debt zoomed from $72 billion to $265 billion. In 1962, it was $303 billion. By 1970, the debt had increased to $383 billion.

Between 1971 and 1976, it rose from $409 billion to $631 billion. The debt experienced its greatest growth, however, during the 1980s, fueled by an unprecedented peacetime military buildup. In 1996, the Outstanding Public Debt has roared past $5 trillion. The unconstitutional "share" of this debt for every man, woman, and child is currently nearly $19,000 and will continue to increase, along with individual credit card debts, mortgages, automobile loans, and so on.

Today, as we stand before the dawn of a New World Order run by internationalist financiers, most of the revenue collected by the Federal Government in the form of individual income taxes will go straight to paying the interest on the debt alone. At the rate the debt is increasing, eventually we will reach a point where, even if the Government takes every penny of its citizens' income via taxation, it will still not collect enough to keep up with the interest payments. The Government will own nothing, the people will own nothing, and the banks will own everything. The New World Order will foreclose on America.

The Three Types of Conquest

History reveals that nations can be conquered by the use of one or more of three methods.

The most common is conquest by war. In time, though, this method usually fails, because the captives hate the captors and rise up and drive them out if they can. Much force is needed to maintain control, making it expensive for the conquering nation.

A second method is by religion, where men are convinced that they must give their captors part of their earnings as "obedience to God." Such a captivity is vulnerable to philosophical exposure or by overthrow by armed force, since religion by its nature lacks military force to regain control, once its captives become disillusioned.

The third method can be called economic conquest. It takes place when nations are placed under "tribute" without the use of visible force or coercion, so that the victims do not realize they have been conquered. "Tribute" is collected from them in the form of "legal" debts and taxes, and they believe they are paying it for their own good, for the good of others, or to protect all from some enemy. Their captors become their "benefactors" and "protectors."

Although this is the slowest to impose, it is quite often long-lasting, since the captives do not see any military force arrayed against them, their religion is left more or less intact, they have freedom to speak and travel, and they participate in "elections" for their rulers. Without realizing it, they are conquered, and the instruments of their own society are used to transfer their wealth to their captors and make the conquest complete.

In 1900, the average American worker paid few taxes and had little debt. Today, payments on debts and taxes take more than half of what he earns. Is it possible that a form of conquest has been imposed on America? Read the following article and decide for yourself -- and may God have mercy on this once debt-free and great country.

Money Control in America

Americans, living in what is called the richest nation on earth, seem always to be short of money. It is impossible for many families to make ends meet unless both parents are in the work force. Men and women hope for overtime hours or take part time jobs in the evening and on weekends. Children look for odd jobs for spending money. Nevertheless, the family debt climbs higher. Psychologists say that one of the biggest causes of family quarrels and break-ups is "arguing over money." Much of this trouble can be traced to our present "debt-money" system.

Too few Americans realize why the Founders wrote into Article I of the U.S. Constitution the following provision: "Congress shall have the power to Coin Money and Regulate the Value Thereof." They did this, as we will show, in the hope that it would prevent the "love of money" from destroying the Republic they had founded. We shall see how subversion of Article I has brought on us the evil of which God warns us in 1 Timothy 6:10.

Economists use the term "create" when speaking of the process by which money comes into existence. "Creation" means making something which did not exist before. Lumber workers make boards from trees, workers build houses from lumber, and factories manufacture automobiles from metal, glass, and other materials. But in all these, they did not actually "create." They only changed existing materials into a more usable and, therefore, more valuable form.

This is not so with our current money supply. Here, and here alone, something is actually "created" out of nothing. A piece of paper of little value is printed so that it is worth a piece of lumber. With different figures it can buy the automobile or even the house. Its value has been created" in the truest sense of the word.

Money is very cheap to make, and whoever does the "creating" of money in a nation can make a tremendous profit. Builders work hard to make a profit of five percent above their cost to build a house. Auto makers sell their cars for one to two percent above the cost of manufacture and it is considered good business. But money "manufacturers" have no limit on their profits, since a few cents will print either a $1.00 bill or a $10,000 bill. That profit is part of our story.

The Causes of the Great Depression

An adequate supply of money is indispensable to civilized society. We could forego many other things, but without money industry would grind to a halt, farms would become only self-sustaining units, surplus food would disappear, jobs requiring the work of more than one man or one family would remain undone, shipping and large movement of goods would cease, hungry people would plunder and kill to remain alive, and all government except family or tribe would cease to function.

An overstatement, you say? Not at all. Money is the blood of civilized society, the means of all commercial trade except simple barter and exchange. It is the measure and the instrument by which one product is sold and another purchased. Remove money or even reduce the supply below that which is necessary to carry on current levels of trade, and the results are catastrophic. For an example of this, we need only look at America's depression of the early 1930s.

In 1930, America did not lack industrial capacity, fertile farmlands, skilled and willing workers or industrious families. It had an extensive and efficient transportation system in railroads, road networks, and inland and ocean waterways. Communications between regions and localities were the best in the world, utilizing telephone, teletype, radio, and a well-operated government mail system. No war had ravaged the cities or the countryside, no pestilence weakened the population, nor had famine stalked the land. The United States of America of 1930 lacked only one thing: an adequate supply of money to carry on trade and commerce.

In the early 1930s, bankers, the only source of new money and credit, deliberately refused loans to industries, stores, and farms. Payments on existing loans were required, however, and money rapidly disappeared from circulation. Goods were available to be purchased, jobs waiting to be done, but the lack of money brought the nation to a standstill. By this simple ploy, America was put into a "depression" and bankers took possession of hundreds of thousands of farms, homes, and business properties. The people were told, "Times are hard," and "Money is short." Not understanding the system, they were cruelly robbed of their earnings, their savings, and their property.

Power to Regulate the Value of Money

When we see the disastrous results of an artificially created shortage of money, we can better understand why our Founding Fathers, who understood both money and God's laws, insisted on placing the power to "create" money and the power to control it only in the hands of the Federal Congress. They believed that all citizens should share in the profits of its "creation" and therefore the Federal Government must be the only creator of money. They further believed that all citizens, of whatever State, territory, or station in life, would benefit by an adequate and stable currency. Therefore, the Federal Government must also be, by law, the only controller of the value of money.

Since the Federal Congress was the only legislative body subject to all the Citizens at the ballot box, it was, in their minds, the only safe depository of so much profit and so much power. They wrote it out in simple, but all-inclusive terms: "Congress shall have the power to Coin Money and Regulate the Value Thereof."

Instead of the constitutional method of creating our money and putting it into circulation, we now have an entirely unconstitutional system. This has brought our country to the brink of disaster, as we shall see.

Since our money was handled both legally and illegally before 1913, we shall consider only the years following 1913, since from that year on, all of our money had been created and issued by an illegal method that will eventually destroy the United States if it is not changed. Prior to 1913, America was a prosperous, powerful, and growing nation, at peace with its neighbors and the envy of the world. But in December of 1913, Congress, with many members away for the Christmas holiday, passed what has since been known as the Federal Reserve Act.

Omitting the burdensome details, this Act simply authorized the establishment of a Federal Reserve Corporation, run by a Board of Directors (the Federal Reserve Board). The Act also divided the United States into twelve Federal Reserve "Districts." This simple, but terrible, law completely removed from Congress the right to "create" money or to have any control over its "creation," and gave that function to the Federal Reserve Corporation. It was accompanied by the appropriate fanfare. The propaganda claimed that this would "remove money from politics" (they did not say, "and therefore from the people's control") and prevent "boom and bust" economic activity from hurting the Citizens.

The people were not told then, and most still do not know today, that the Federal Reserve Corporation is a private corporation controlled by bankers and therefore is operated for the financial gain of the bankers over the people rather than for the good of the people. The word "Federal" was used only to deceive the people. Since that "day of infamy," more disastrous to us than Pearl Harbor, the small group of "privileged" people who lend us "our" money have accrued to themselves all of the profits of printing our money, and more! Since 1913, they have "created" tens of billions of dollars in money and credit, which, as their own personal property, they can lend to our government and our people at interest (usury). An example of the process of "creation" and its conversion to people's "debt" will aid our understanding.

Billions In Interest Owed to Banks

We shall start with the need for money. The Federal Government, having spent more than it has taken from its citizens in taxes, needs, for the sake of illustration, $1 billion. Since it does not have the money, and Congress has given away its authority to "create" it, the Government must go to the "creators" for the $1 billion.

However, the Federal Reserve, a private corporation, does not just give its money away! The bankers are willing to deliver $1 billion in paper or credit to the Federal Government in exchange for the Government's agreement to pay it back -- with interest. So Congress authorizes the Treasury Department to print $1 billion in U.S. Bonds, which are then delivered to the Federal Reserve bankers. The Federal Reserve then pays the cost of printing the $1 billion (about $1,000) and makes the exchange. The Government then uses the money to pay its obligations. What are the results of this fantastic transaction? Well, $1 billion in Government bills are paid all right, but the Government has now indebted the people to the bankers for $1 billion on which the people must pay interest!

Tens of thousands of such transactions have taken place since 1913 so that in 1996, the U.S. Government is indebted to the bankers for more than $5 trillion. Most of the income taxes that we pay as individuals now go straight into the hands of the bankers, just to pay off the interest alone, with no hope of every paying off the principle. Our children will also be forced into servitude.

You say, "This is terrible!" Yes, it is, but this is only part of the sordid story. Under this unholy system, those United States Bonds have now become "assets" of the banks in the Federal Reserve system which they then use as "reserves" to "create" more "credit" to lend. Current "reserve" requirements allow them to use that $1 billion in bonds to "create" as much as $15 billion in new "credit" to lend to States, municipalities, businesses, and individuals.

Added to the original $1 billion, they could have $16 billion of "created credit" out in loans paying them interest with their only cost being $1,000 for printing the original $1 billion! Since the U.S. Congress has not issued constitutional money since 1863 (more than 130 years), in order for the people to have money to carry on trade and commerce they are forced to borrow the "created credit" of the bankers and pay them usury -- interest! The millions of working families of America are now indebted to the few thousand banking families for twice the assessed value of the entire United States. And these banking families obtained that debt against us for the cost of paper, ink, and book-keeping!

The Tyranny of Compound Interest

The only way new money (which is not true money, but rather credit representing a debt) goes into circulation in America is when it is borrowed from the bankers. When the State and people borrow large sums, we seem to prosper. However, the bankers "create" only the amount of the principal of each loan, never the extra amount needed to pay the interest. Therefore, the new money never equals the new debt added. The amounts needed to pay the interest on loans is not "created," and therefore does not exist!

Under this system, where new debt always exceeds new money no matter how much or how little is borrowed, the total debt increasingly outstrips the amount of money available to pay the debt. The people can never, ever get out of debt!

The following example will show the viciousness of this interest-debt system via its "built in" shortage of money.

When a citizen goes to a banker to borrow $60,000 to purchase a home or a farm, the bank clerk has the borrower agree to pay back the loan plus interest. At 14 percent interest for thirty years, the borrower must agree to pay $710.92 per month for a total of $255,931.20. The clerk then requires the borrower to assign to the banker the right of ownership of the property if he does not make the required payments. The bank clerk then gives the borrower a $60,000 check or deposit slip, crediting the borrower's checking account with $60,000. The borrower then writes checks to the builder, subcontractors, etc., who in turn write checks. $60,000 of new "checkbook" money is thereby added to the "money in circulation."

However, this is the fatal flaw in the system: the only new money created and put into circulation is the amount of the loan -- $60,000. The money to pay the interest is not created, and therefore was not added to the "money in circulation." Even so, the borrower (and those who follow him in ownership of the property) must earn and take out of circulation $255,931, which is nearly $200,000 more than he put into circulation when he borrowed the original $60,000! Every new loan puts the same process into operation. Each borrower adds a small sum to the total money supply when he borrows, but the payments on the loan (because of interest) then deduct a much larger sum from the total money supply.

There is therefore no way all debtors can pay off the money lenders. As they pay the principle and interest, the money in circulation disappears. All they can do is struggle against each other, borrowing more and more from the money lenders each generation. The money lenders (bankers), who produce nothing of value, gradually gain a death grip on the land, buildings, and present and future earnings of the whole working population. Proverbs 22:7 has come to pass in America: "The rich rules over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender."

If you have not quite grasped the impact of the above, let us consider a small auto loan for three years at 18 percent interest:

Step One: Citizen borrows $5,000 and pays it into circulation (it goes to the dealer, factory, miner, etc.) and signs a note agreeing to pay the bankers $6,500.

Step Two: Citizen pays $180 per month of his earnings to the banker. In three years, he will remove from circulation $1,500 more than he put into circulation.

Every loan of banker-"created" money (credit) causes the same thing to happen. Since this has happened millions of times since 1913 (and continues today), you can see why America has gone from a prosperous, debt-free nation to a debt-ridden nation where practically every home, farm, and business is paying usury-tribute to the bankers.

In the millions of transactions made each year like those just discussed, little actual currency changes hands, nor is it necessary that it do so. About 95 percent of all "cash" transactions in the United States are executed by check. Consider also that banks must only hold ten percent of their deposits on site in cash at any given time. This means that 90 percent of all deposits, though they may actually be held by the bank, are not present in the form of actual cash currency. That leaves the banker relatively safe to "create" that so-called "loan" by writing the check or deposit slip, not against actual money, but against your promise to pay it back! The cost to him is paper, ink, and a few dollars of overhead for each transaction. It is "check-kiting" on an enormous scale. The profits increase rapidly, year after year.

Gambling Away the American Dream

To grasp the truth that periodic withdrawal of money through interest payments will inexorably transfer all wealth in the nation to the receiver of interest, imagine yourself in a poker or dice game where everyone must

-- Paul Volker (ex-CEO@fed.org), April 26, 2000

Answers

(continued)

buy the chips (the medium of exchange) from a "banker" who does not risk chips in the game. He just watches the table and reaches in every hour to take ten to fifteen of all the chips on the table. As the game goes on, the amount of chips in the possession of each player will fluctuate according to his luck. However, the total number of chips available to play the game (carry on trade or business) will decrease steadily.

As the game starts getting low on chips, some players will run out. If they want to continue to play, they must buy or borrow more chips from the "banker." The "banker" will sell (lend) them only if the player signs a "mortgage" agreeing to give the "banker" some real property (car, home, farm, business, etc.) if they cannot make periodic payments to pay back all the chips plus some extra chips (interest). The payments must be made on time, whether he wins (makes a profit) or not.

It is easy to see that no matter how skillfully they play, eventually the "banker" will end up with all of his original chips back, and except for the very best players, the rest, if they stay in long enough, will lose to the "banker" their homes, their farms, their businesses, perhaps even their cars, watches, and the shirts off their backs!

Our real life situation is much worse than any poker game. In a poker game no one is forced into debt, and anyone can quit at any time and keep whatever he still has. But in real life, even if we borrow little ourselves from the bankers, our local, State and Federal Governments borrow billions in our name, squander it, then confiscate our earnings via taxation in order to pay off the bankers with interest. We are forced to play the game, and none can leave except by death. We pay as long as we live, and our children pay after we die. If we cannot or refuse to pay, the Government sends the police to take our property and give it to the bankers. The bankers risk nothing in the game; they just collect their percentage and "win it all." In Las Vegas, all games are rigged to pay the owner a percentage, and they rake in millions. The Federal Reserve bankers' "game" is also rigged, and it pays off in billions! In recent years, the bankers have added some new cards to their deck -- credit cards are promoted as a convenience and a great boon to trade. Actually, they are ingenious devices from the seller and 18% interest from buyers. A real "stacked deck"!

An Endless Cycle of War and Debt

Democrat, Republican, and Independent voters who have wondered why politicians always spend more tax money than they take in should now see the reason. When they begin to study our money system, they soon realize that these politicians are not the agents of the people, but are the agents of the bankers, for whom they plan ways to place the people further in debt.

It takes very little imagination to see that if Congress had been "creating," spending, and issuing into circulation the necessary increase in the money supply, there would be no national debt. Trillions of dollars of other debts would be practically non-existent. Since there would be no original cost of "creating" money except printing, and no continuing cost such as interest, Federal taxes would be almost nil. Money, once in circulation, would remain there and go on serving its purpose as a medium of exchange for generation after generation, and century after century, with no payments to the bankers whatsoever!

But instead of peace and debt-free prosperity, we have ever-mounting debt and cyclical periods of war. We as a people are now ruled by a system of banking influence that has usurped the mantle of government, disguised itself as our legitimate government, and set about to pauperize and control our people. Ours is now a centralized, all-powerful political apparatus whose main purposes are promoting war, confiscating the people's money, and propagandizing to perpetuate its power. Our two main political parties have become its servants, the various departments of government have become its spending agencies, and the Internal Revenue Service is its collection agency. Unknown to the people, it operates in close cooperation with similar apparatuses in other nations, which are also disguised as "governments." Some, we are told, are friends. Some, we are told, are enemies. "Enemies" are built up through international manipulations and used to frighten the American people into going billions of dollars further into debt to the bankers for "military preparedness," "foreign aid to stop Communism," "the drug war," etc.

Citizens, deliberately confused by brainwashing propaganda, watch helplessly while our politicians give food, goods, and money to banker-controlled alien governments under the guise of "better relations" and "easing tensions." Our banker-controlled Government takes our finest and bravest sons and sends them into foreign wars where tens of thousands are murdered, and hundreds of thousands are crippled (not to mention collateral damage and casualties among the "enemy" troops). When the "war" is over, we have gained nothing, but we are billions of dollars further in debt to the bankers, which was the reason for the "war" in the first place!

Every Citizen a Stock Holder

Under the constitutional system, no private banks would exist to rob the people. Government banks under the control of the people's representatives would issue and control all money and credit. They would issue not only actual currency, but could lend limited credit at no interest for the purchase of capital goods, such as homes. A $60,000 home loan would require only $60,000 repayment, not $255,931 as it is now. Everyone who supplied materials and labor for the home would get paid just as they do today, but the bankers would not get $195,931 in interest. That is why they ridicule and destroy anyone suggesting or proposing an alternative system.

History tells us of the prosperity brought about when debt-free and interest-free money is issued by governments. The American colonists did it through colonial script in the 1700s. Their wealth soon rivaled that of England and brought restrictions from Parliament, which led to the Revolutionary War. Abraham Lincoln did it in 1863 to help finance the "Civil War." He was later assassinated by a man whom many consider to have been an agent of the Rothchild Bank. No debt-free or interest-free money has been issued in America since then.

Several Arab nations issue interest-free loans to their citizens today. (Now you can understand what all the commotion in the Middle East is all about, and why the banker-owned press is brainwashing American citizens to think of all Arabs as terrorists). The Saracen Empire forbade interest on money 1,000 years ago and its wealth outshone even Saxon Europe. Mandarin China issued its own money, interest-free and debt-free. Today, historians consider those centuries to be China's time of greatest wealth, culture, and peace.

With debt-free and interest-free money in our own country, there would be no direct confiscatory taxation and our homes would be mortgage-free without $10,000 per year payments to the bankers. Nor would they get $1,000 to $3,000 per year from every car on our roads. Our officials, at all levels of government, would be working for the people instead of devising capers which will place us further into debt to the bankers. We would get out of entangling foreign alliances that have engulfed us in four major wars and scores of minor wars since the Federal Reserve Act was passed.

A debt-free America would leave parents with more time to spend in raising their children. The elimination of the interest payments and debt would be the equivalent of a 50 percent raise in the purchasing power of every worker. This cancellation of interest-based debts would result in the return to the people of $300 billion yearly in property and wealth that currently goes to the banks.

Conclusion

We realize that this short, and necessarily incomplete, article may be charged with over-simplification. Some may say that if it is that simple the people would have known about it, and it could not have happened.

But this conspiracy is as old as Babylon, and even in America it dates far back before the year 1913. Actually, 1913 may be considered the year in which the conspirators' previous plans came to fruition, opening the way for complete economic conquest of our people. The conspiracy is powerful enough in America to place its agents in positions as newspaper publishers, editors, columnists, church ministers, university presidents, professors, textbook writers, labor union leaders, filmmakers, radio and television commentators, politicians ranging from school board members to U.S. presidents, and many others.

These agents control the information available to our people. They manipulate public opinion, elect whomever they want locally and nationally, and never expose the crooked money system. They promote school bonds, expensive and detrimental farm programs, "urban renewal," foreign aid, and many other schemes which place the people more deeply into debt to the bankers. Thoughtful citizens wonder why billions are spent on one program and billions on another which may duplicate it or even nullify it, such as paying some farmers not to raise crops, while at the same time building dams or canals to irrigate more farm lands. Crazy or stupid? Neither. The goal is more debt. Thousands of Government-sponsored methods of wasting money go on continually. Most make no sense, but they are never exposed for what they really are -- siphons sucking our nation's economic life-blood.

So-called "economic experts" write syndicated columns in hundreds of newspapers, craftily designed to prevent the people from learning the simple truth about our money system. Sometimes commentators, educators, and politicians blame our financial conundrum on the workers for being wasteful, lazy, or stingy. Other times, they blame workers and consumers for the increase in debts and the inflation of prices, when they know the cause is the debt-money system itself.

Our people are literally drowned in charges and counter-charges designed to confuse them and keep them from understanding the unconstitutional and evil money system that is so effectively and silently robbing the farmers, the workers, and the businessmen of the fruits of their labor and of their freedoms. Some, who are especially vocal in their exposure of the treason against the people, are harassed by Government agencies such as the EPA, OSHA, the IRS, and others, forcing them into financial strain or bankruptcy. They have been completely successful in preventing most Americans from learning the things you have read in this article.

However, in spite of their control of information, they realize that many citizens are learning the truth. Therefore, to prevent armed resistance to their plunder of America, they plan to register all firearms and eventually to disarm all citizens. A people armed cannot be enslaved. Therefore, they only want guns in the hands of their Government police or military forces -- hands that are already stained with blood from countless acts of gross negligence and overt homicide, both at home and abroad. The "almost hidden" conspirators in politics, religion, education, entertainment, and the news media are working for the banker-owned United States, in a banker-owned world, under a banker-owned world government. This is what all the talk of a New World Order promoted by Presidents Bush and Clinton is all about.

It is possible that your grandchildren will own neither home nor car, but will live in Government-owned apartments and ride to work in Government-owned buses, and be allowed to keep just enough of their earnings to buy a minimum of food and clothing while their rulers wallow in luxury. In Asia and Eastern Europe this is called "communism"; in America it is called "Democracy" and "Capitalism."

America will not shake off her banker-controlled dictatorship as long as the people are ignorant of the hidden controllers. Banking concerns, which control most of the governments of the nations, and most sources of information, seem to have us completely within their grasp. They are afraid of only one thing -- an awakened patriotic citizenry, armed with the truth, and with a trust in God for deliverance. This material has informed you about their iniquitous system. What you do with it is in your hands.



-- Paul Volker (ex-CEO@fed.org), April 26, 2000.


Paul,

You neglected to mention that in 1963 President Kennedy authorized Federal notes and some actually got into circulation. As former Fed Chairman, you most certainly know this fact. So I wonder, where were you on November 22, 1963?

InDebt@Home.com

-- phoneman (bcrefrig@excelonline.com), April 26, 2000.


Ah, the ubiquity of iniquity.

Your assignment, should you choose to accept it: summarize this tract in one pithy paragraph.

-- (nemesis@awol.com), April 27, 2000.


nemesis,

My entry:

What we have here is a bunch of hooey interspersed with lots of seemingly-accurate declarative sentences to deceive the casual reader. The End.

... or does each entry have to have a topic sentence, a closing sentence, and at least one other sentence between those?

- - -

Paul,

Forgot how to spell your last name again? Better see a good neurologist about that.

In case it's Alzheimer's, I'll limit my comments to just a few simple notes:

I missed the part about how non-banker ordinary folks can lend to the U.S. government by purchasing bonds, then receive interest income from the government.

In the part on compound interest, how come you left out the other half of the story -- about how the money put into circulation goes through cycles of deposit and lending to wind up generating multiples of the amount (like the 15x multiplier you used in an example earlier in the article)?

And where is the explanation of how lent money results in creation of moneymaking businesses that pay salaries to workers?

You seem to be leaving out an awful lot. Better see that neurologist right away.

-- No Spam Please (nos_pam_please@hotmail.com), April 27, 2000.


Paul,

Oops. Just noticed that you're presenting Sheldon Emry as the author.

Okay. Why does Sheldon leave out all that stuff?

(But you still better make that neurologist appointment.)

-- No Spam Please (nos_pam_please@hotmail.com), April 27, 2000.



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