New Y ork enchephalitis outbreal The Plum Island connection

greenspun.com : LUSENET : TimeBomb 2000 (Y2000) : One Thread

by Patty Doyle

http:www.levymultimedia.com/093plumisland.htm

snip

My friend had no idea that Plum Island was a bioresearce facility with high level hot rooms and plenty of Anthrax,other bacterias and various viruses.The place scared him so much that he quit after only two weeks of working at the facility.

I had not given the Island a thought until August of this year.A maleria outbreak at the Boyscout Camp in eastern Long Island started me thinking about Plum Island."Could this be an accident?'No,I thought"and carried on with my life.

When I learned about an outbreak of a mystery virus that reseembled St.Louis encephilitis,I really began to think accident at the facility.Next I heard that the virus is now suspected to be resembling West Nile fever.

The CDC will be going door todoor starting this Friday to collect blood sammples from residents in Queens,Long Island,N.Y.I am very,very suspicious and would like to find out if an accident did occur at the Plum Island facility.

Whether the facility is a bioresearce facility for animal researce or is ,as I suspect,a biowar facility,there are dangerous bacterias and virusees at that facility.It is across the Long Island Sound from a very densly populated area of Ct.Eastern Long Island has also become quite populace over the past few decades.

The people who live in this area and the people who are in danger of a virus of bacteeria escape carried south by migratory deserve to know what is happening on the island.My speculation is there was an accidental release of a virus that was being studied at the facility.Possibly it was being studied with the birds or mosquitos.

end snip

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http://www.sightings.com/politics55/virus2.htm snip Is Plum Island connected to deadly west nile-like virus?

from Pattie Doyle

from Robert Lederer

Referred by Lynn Samuels

On November 9,1997 the city held a military style exercise for the OEM to practice responding to a massive chemical attack on NYC[see:http:www.ci.nyyc.ny.us/htmloeem/html/icebrief.html].A so far unconfirmed report I recieved states that in April of 1999 Jerome Hauer,the head of Major Giuliani,s OEM,placed an order for more than 160,000 body bags.If that report is true,was the mayor,s OEEM saving money by getting bulk price on body bags or where they anticipating the sudden death of tens of thousandss of New Yorkers?

end snip

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http://www.sightings.com/politics5/enceph.htm snip Enchephalitis for population control @ profit

Life and death in NY,1999

by Robert Lederman

10-4-99

snip

According to 9/29/99 Newsday article,Rockefeller University in Manhatten has been experimenting with the West Nile Virus since the 1950,s.

end snip

______________________________________________________________________

-- Maggie (aaa@aaa.com), October 05, 1999

Answers

Sorry for all the mistakes.As you can tell I'm not a good typest.

-- Maggie (aaa@aaa.com), October 05, 1999.

Plum Island is a definate candidate...but would have to know the logistics of Plum Island...How is the Island supported...Ferries, aircraft, or both. Outbreak in the Whitestone section of Queens doesn't point specifically to Plum Island, but Rockeffeler University is an interesting possibility. If Guliani can't stop it with spraying, it just might become endemic up and down the East Coast. The death of hundreds of Crows throughout the region suggests a breakout has already taken place.

Here in the Arizona Desert, our family hasn't had a mosquito bite in 15 years, but I have two brothers who live in Flushing and Forest Hills.



-- K. Stevens (kstevens@ It's ALL going away in January.com), October 05, 1999.


Maggie, you may be onto something here. The government has done experiments on populated areas many times. One incident in particular was during the late 1950's when the government released an influenza virus outside the Golden Gate Bridge. Thousands same down with the flu. This incident was later uncovered through a lawyer in the early 80's whose father became ill and died after another suspect viral/bacterials release. The government has not denied it and the information was discovered under the Freedom of Information Act. Jim Eason, who is a broadcaster on KSFO radio, San Francisco, is privvy to all the ins and outs of this information. I am going solely on memory, but he would be someone to contact for information on the government and bacterial warfare. He resides in South Carolina, but broadcasts everyday from 1-3 p.m. San Francisco.

-- ~~~!!~~~~ (~~~!~~@~!~~~.com), October 05, 1999.

K.

The third article is very interesting.My fingers got tired of typing.I will have to learn how to cut and paste.

From reading the articles,it looks like more could be going on then first reported.

-- Maggie (aaa@aaa.com), October 05, 1999.


~~~~!!!~~~~,

I tried to find a book I have,it was saying the same as you about the incident in S.F.I couldn't find it to tell you the title.

I have to tell you I had to laugh when I typed you "name",forgive me if I didn't get it just right.

There seems to be so many things happening now,that are mind bogaling.

-- Maggie (aaa@aaa.com), October 05, 1999.



Maggie,

This is how you cut and paste.

  • Highlight the text you want, by pressing down on the left mouse button while passing over the selected text.

  • On your keyboard press the "ctrl" button while at the same time pressing down on the letter "c" key.

  • Go to the site or page you want the text to be copied to.

  • Now press "ctrl" and the "v" key at the same time.

    That's it.

    -- Mabel Dodge (cynical@me.net), October 05, 1999.


  • Thanks Mable.I had no idea it was that simple.It will save me alot of typing in the future.

    -- Maggie (aaa@aaa.com), October 05, 1999.

    Just wanted to add something...

    Go to the site or page you want the text to be copied to.

    Remember to click, then press ctrl v

    -- Mabel Dodge (cynical@me.net), October 05, 1999.


    Maggie,

    I know there desperate in the New York City region to stop this thing, but as an amateur Ornithologist, I can tell you that it's BIG trouble if large numbers of crows start to die. They are intelligent, (though NOT as smart as Ravens, which are another order of magnitude) have a lot of "street smarts" as well. This points to a breakout, and what with NYC being on the Atlantic Flyway and the migration in full swing, soon some very tough decisions may have to be made.

    Can you spell Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane?



    -- K. Stevens (kstevens@ It's ALL going away in January.com), October 05, 1999.


    Mabel,

    Remember to click what?

    -- Maggie (aaa@aaa.com), October 05, 1999.



    You want to click (by pressing the left mouse button) on the selected site or page to bring up the cursor.

    Just as you would when you start to type.

    -- Mabel Dodge (cynical@me.net), October 05, 1999.


    K.Stevens,

    In the first article, it reads:even live stock are in danger.6 horses have perished at a farm in Riverhead Long Island and one more horse is still suffering with neurological effects of the disease.Riverhead is not that far from Plum Island,that is as the crow flies.

    The migration issue is going to be a major problem,IMO.How do you think this will be handled?

    -- Maggie (aaa@aaa.com), October 05, 1999.


    Thanks Mabel,I will try it out next time.

    -- Maggie (aaa@aaa.com), October 05, 1999.

    K.Stevens,

    Sorry,I was a little slow to understand that you were talking about DDT.

    -- Maggie (aaa@aaa.com), October 05, 1999.


    Maggie,

    I honestly don't know how to handle the migration...it's a force of nature. It is so strong, that the Arctic Tern migrates from the Arctic to the Antarctic region in a single NON stop flight. Birds of lesser stamina to stop and feed along the way, and will visit the Monster Mosquito Swamp that has become North Carolina just in time (JIT) for the hatch of Billions from H. Floyd.

    It is interesting that livestock deaths are reported near Riverhead. That is what you would expect if Plum Island is the source. It also confirms the breakout and ability to infect just about ANYTHING warm blooded.

    Back when DDT was banned, the EPA left a loophole. It can be used in a Dire Emergency...which I hope will not happen!



    -- K. Stevens (kstevens@ It's ALL going away in January.com), October 05, 1999.



    K.Stevens,

    before I read any of these articles,the picture you painted of N.Carolina was concerning me also,very much!The birds have already started to migrate.IMO,It is no longer a local problem.

    -- Maggie (aaa@aaa.com), October 05, 1999.


    http://www.levymultimedia.com/0930plumisland.htm

    snip

    Lab off Long Island may soon focus on `agro-terrorism'

    center would study gravest threats to crops,animals

    snip

    -- Maggie (aaa@aaa.com), October 05, 1999.


    A few years back, I know that there was a movie with Robin Williams and DeNiro (I believe) about NY victims of encephalitis (e.g. sleeping sickness,) so I know this is not a new phenomenon there.

    When I was in fifth grade in Chicago, I was in a coma for two weeks from encephalitis. Got it as a by-product of German measles. It is not THAT uncommon in the US.

    -- anon (anon@anon.calm), October 05, 1999.


    The film with DeNiro and Williams was based on a book by Oliver Sacks, MD,...(title of both are gone from my head.) Great film, however,...the sleepers were suffering from a rare Parkinson's syndrome, not encephalitis.

    -- Donna (moment@pacbell.net), October 05, 1999.

    Now that I think more on it,...the film may be called "The Awakening", or "Awakenings"....I'll do a search. The film is worth a watch. DeNiro gives an awesome performance.

    -- Donna (moment@pacbell.net), October 05, 1999.

    Well, I was wrong on one, right on the other. It is "Awakenings", and by Oliver Sacks, MD,...but the syndrome is described as 'post-encephalitic'. I think where I got confused was that the Dr. in the film used high doses of L-Dopa to treat the comatose sleepers, and L-Dopa was at that time used in Parkinson's treatment. Here's the official website for Oliver Sacks, quite a prolific writer, in addition to being a medical researcher/teacher in neurology.

    http://www.oliversacks.com/index.shtml Oliver Sacks, MD

    -- Donna (moment@pacbell.net), October 05, 1999.


    {snip} Plum Island is a definate candidate...but would have to know the logistics of Plum Island...How is the Island supported...Ferries, aircraft, or both. {snip}

    Everything goes over on ferries, although the island probably has a helipad. It is a Level 3 containment facility. They want to boost it to the highest level, Level 4. Some locals speculate a tie-in between Plum Island and Lyme disease, which was first discovered in Old Lyme, CT, just across Long Island Sound to the north. Also, there was a case of Hantavirus that was traced to a house on Shelter Island a few years ago. Shelter Island is just a few miles away.

    [snip] The Plum Island Animal Disease Center is responsible for research and diagnosis to protect United States animal industries and exports against catastrophic economic losses caused by foreign animal disease (FAD) agents accidentally or deliberately introduced into the U.S. These missions are accomplished by basic and applied research directed toward: (1) more sensitive and accurate methods of disease agent detection and identification; (2) development of new strategies to control disease epidemics, including rDNA vaccines, antiviral drugs, and transgenic, disease-resistant animals; (3) the assessment of risks involved in importation of animals and animal products from countries where epidemic FADs occur; (4) diagnostic investigations of suspect cases of FAD outbreaks in U.S. livestock; (5) tests of animals in animal products to be imported into the U.S. to make sure those imports are free of FAD agents; (6) production and maintenance reagents used in diagnostic tests and vaccines for FADs; and (7) training animal health professionals in the recognition and diagnosis of FAD.

    [snip] from: http://www.arserrc.gov/naa/home/piadc.htm

    Plum Island is 30 miles east of Riverhead and 110 miles east of Manhattan. Prevailing winds are from the southeast--except or course when we have a Noreaster or catch a hurricane. The population of the North Fork of Long Island (Riverhead to Orient Point) is about 30,000 year round, and double or triple in the summer. I'm a local. It's a rural area. Farms, vineyards, nurseries, horses.

    -- restless (restless@LI.com), October 05, 1999.


    Oops. Sorry. That should have been: Prevailing winds are from the southwest....

    ie, Winds generally come out of southwest and blow toward the northeast, toward coastal CT, Rhode Island and Cape Cod and then the Atlantic. Except in the aforementioned cases (noreaster, hurricane).

    -- restless (restless@LI.com), October 05, 1999.


    Of COURSE the US guttermint is warning about TERRORISM re Y2K.

    When the power goes fittz and the safeguards are broken and abandoned at Plum Island, Prune Depot, Frankenstein Island, CDC, etc. there will be bio/chem/nuke outbreaks.

    -- Ashton & Leska in Cascadia (allaha@earthlink.net), October 05, 1999.


    Personally, I thought there was something fishy about this whole thing from the beginning, though I certainly can't put my finger on it. I've suspected Plum Island, and I've thought that the whole spraying thing and the way the news media is treating this was odd. On all the local channels, it's been the top or second story each night for weeks now. I don't like the whole thing, though my concerns right now are largely in other areas. (Y2K)

    The tin-foil helmet part of me offers this one reminder, FWIW: Queens, NY, where this is happening, has the largest ethnic diversity of anyplace in the world...

    -- (pshannon@inch.com), October 05, 1999.


    Anon, I think there are multiple kinds of encephalitis. I had mine following mumps in 1957 when I was a child. I suspect the symptoms and potential disease course is just as scarey. Crows turning up dead is alarming. They are genetic survivors pretty high up on the scale as I recall. Hope they get a cold snap and soon.

    What a fall this is shaping up to be. That really old Kingston Trio song has been going through my head the last few days--"They're rioting in Africa, there's strife in Iran..." (guess that tells KOS that I am a touch long in the tooth for mud wrestling.)

    -- Nancy (wellsnl@hotmail.com), October 05, 1999.


    Velly interesting genetic observation, pshannon

    -- Ashton & Leska in Cascadia (allaha@earthlink.net), October 05, 1999.

    From today's New York Times...

    October 5, 1999

    Court Clears Way to Start Nassau Mosquito Spraying

    By JOHN T. McQUISTON

    INEOLA, N.Y. -- Rain, partisan politics and a legal dispute forced yet another delay in plans for an aerial assault across Nassau County against disease-spreading mosquitoes, but a court ruling Monday night appeared to clear the way for spraying to start on Tuesday.

    Helicopters had been prepared to begin spraying insecticide at dusk on Saturday but were grounded by Justice Leonard Austin of the State Supreme Court here, who granted a temporary restraining order to a lawyer who said he was acting on behalf of his family and others who feared the spraying would affect their health.

    The lawyer, Thomas F. Liotti, was ordered to return Monday to argue his case in the presence of county lawyers and found himself before Justice Robert Roberto Jr., who had rejected a similar motion on Friday and appeared displeased to have been reversed over the weekend.

    After a long hearing, which ended shortly before 7 P.M., Justice Roberto again rejected Liotti's arguments, set aside Justice Austin's restraining order and cleared the way for the spraying to begin Tuesday evening. Justice Roberto told Liotti that he had failed to prove that the county's plan was either "arbitrary or capricious."

    Nassau County officials said a spraying campaign like the one in New York City was necessary, because encephalitis of a type spread by mosquitoes had been diagnosed in four county residents. In addition, 800 dead crows had been found in Nassau, and 10 had tested positive for the West Nile-like virus, officials said.

    [In New Jersey, health officials in Trenton reported Monday that four dead crows found over the weekend had tested positive for the presence of the virus, the first time it had been identified in birds in that state.

    [No cases involving people have been identified in New Jersey, but in New York City, health officials confirmed another case of infection on Monday, bringing to 38 the total number of cases in the city, including the 4 previously reported deaths. The new case involved a 71-year-old man from Jackson Heights, Queens, who officials said had already been discharged from the hospital.

    [And in Connecticut, officials in Hartford reported on Monday that seven dead crows collected in Fairfield County from Sept. 22 to Sept. 24 had tested positive for the virus. However, they said tests from mosquitoes collected in a trapping program indicated that the virus was not present at a significant level.]

    All 19 seats in the Nassau County Legislature are up for election in a month, and the spraying issue has quickly turned into a matter of partisan politics. Monday morning, during a hearing before the County Legislature's health and social welfare committee, there was bipartisan support for spraying without further delay, but the Republican majority and Democratic minority used the occasion to criticize each another.

    Democrats were quick to state that the county had failed to give residents enough information. Republicans argued that further delays were being caused by Democrats who supported Liotti's court challenge.

    County health officials announced last Thursday that they would spray the pesticide Anvil over the weekend, weather permitting. On Friday, they revised the plan and said three nights of spraying would begin Monday. But rain and the court order intervened.

    The Nassau County Health Commissioner, Dr. Kathleen Gaffney, said today that, barring bad weather or another reversal in court, the plan was to spray 0.62 ounces of Anvil per acre in central Nassau on Tuesday night, on the South Shore on Wednesday and on the North Shore on Thursday. All spraying would be done from 5 to 10 P.M., she said.

    Dr. Gaffney said Anvil was considered safe, but could be harmful to some people who have asthma or allergies. The main agent in Anvil is sumithrin, a synthetic chemical similar to one found in chrysanthemums, health officials said.

    During testimony this morning at the health committee hearing and again this afternoon in court, Dr. Gaffney argued that the spraying should begin as soon as possible.

    She warned that if the spraying is not done or is deferred until later this month when temperatures are cooler, mosquitoes carrying the virus might hibernate, emerge later and spread the virus. She said that if the insecticide was distributed by ground spraying, it would take at least 40 days to cover the county.

    "But I'm begging you not to allow this to happen," she told the legislators. "Every day we delay the spraying is another child or elderly individual who will be infected with this virus. We need to move quickly."

    -- Roland (nottelling@nowhere.com), October 05, 1999.


    I wonder if this situation will turn into the same situation last year when they had to destroy every chicken in Hong Kong due to a deadly flu virus? I really think there is more going on here than what we are being told. I am not ususally a conspiracy thinking person, but I smell a rat!

    -- ~~~!!~~ (~~~!~~~@~~!!~~~.xcom), October 05, 1999.

    From yesterday's News & Observer (Raleigh)

    State opens air attack on bugs

    Mosquitoes plague eastern counties

    By JAMES ELI SHIFFER, Staff Writer

    Airplanes dropped clouds of chemicals over Jones and Brunswick counties Sunday and Monday in the first wave of the largest aerial attack on mosquitoes in North Carolina history. The flooding left behind by Hur-ricane Floyd devastated human communities, but created the pools of water that are perfect nurseries for bloodsucking bugs. The resulting mosquito hordes are persecuting people all over Eastern North Carolina. State workers who offered their own arms and legs as targets reported "landing counts" of more than 25 mosquitoes a minute. "You're slapping your face, slapping your back, slapping your arms," said David Beresoff, a commercial fisherman who lives in Supply, a small town about 25 miles west of Wilmington. "They're everywhere." The state has counterattacked with three bug-killing chemicals -- malathion and two pyrethroids, Anvil and Scourge -- in a campaign expected to cost up to $5.3 million and cover 3 million acres in more than 28 counties. Last week, Gov. Jim Hunt authorized $1 million in state money for the spraying, with the Federal Emergency Management Agency contributing $500,000 for two Air Force C-130 planes to dust 700,000 acres. A similar fumigation took place in New York City last month to combat mosquitoes carrying the West Nile virus, a disease that has killed four people there. But monitoring has shown that North Carolina's mosquitoes don't pose a significant public health threat, state officials said. Instead, the spraying is a battle against a nuisance for people already suffering in flood-ravaged towns Down East. Some say the absence of a health threat and the potential damage to people and the environment demand more caution before the chemical-laden aircraft take off. "I think we should further research this and find out how damaging the chemicals are and who they are damaging to," said Senate President Pro Tem Marc Basnight, a Manteo Democrat. "We need to know what kind of impact these chemicals have on us and the marine world." County health departments will ask local media to notify people about the spraying in their area. The agency in charge of the fumigation, the state Department of Environment and Natural Resources, says that if Eastern North Carolina residents hear an airplane overhead, they should stay indoors with their doors and windows shut for a half hour "as a safeguard," even though the agency said the chemicals "pose little risk to humans or animals." Still, state health officials acknowledge that the spraying could hurt fish and beneficial bugs such as bees. And the mosquito populations may only dip for a few days, since the pesticides don't kill the insect in its immature stages. The mass spraying bothers Allen Spalt, director of the Agricultural Resources Center, a nonprofit group in Carrboro that frequently speaks out against pesticide use. "We've got an area where there're already toxics floating all over the place," Spalt said. "Why do you want to add more?" Because, state officials say, it will make lives easier for people cleaning up their homes and repairing their communities. After Hurricane Fran in 1996, about 2 million acres of the state was dusted with mosquito-killing pesticides. The state has gotten 20 to 30 calls every day since last month's hurricanes to wage a similar battle now, said Nolan Newton, chief of the state' s public health pest management section. Newton said he's not worried about health or environmental threats from the spraying, which will spread less than half a pound of chemicals per acre. The planes will keep the chemicals out of rivers and wilderness areas, he said. "A single application at ultra-low rates such as we would use under normal conditions poses no problem," Newton said. "Certainly under conditions like this, with the environment severely perturbed, it's like setting off a firecracker in a nuclear blast zone. It's nothing." Some local governments, such as the central coast county of Hyde, have already done their own mosquito spraying. In addition to the Air Force, the state has contracted with Lee County, Fla., and several commercial sprayers to do the work. The campaign is expected to last for two weeks, Newton said. Debbie Crane, a spokeswoman for the state Department of Health and Human Services, said health authorities weighed the benefits and risks before approving the spraying. "If you're somebody who's lost a whole lot, you're trying to clean up and you've got mosquitoes landing on you at 25 to 100 a minute, it's an endeavor we just have to undertake," Crane said.

    -- Old Git (anon@spamproblems.com), October 05, 1999.


    Just found this.....

    NEW YORK VIRUS OUTBREAK RISES TO 37 VICTIMS October 5, 1999 CNN reported: "Public health officials raised the number of reported cases to 37 on Sunday in New York's outbreak of a West Nile-like virus that is blamed for the deaths of four people. Two other deaths outside New York City -- one in suburban Westchester County and the other in Toronto -- are now blamed on the disease. In the Canadian case, a 75-year-old man died a few days after he visited the New York borough of Queens, Canadian officials say: The case has not been confirmed by U.S. officials..."

    -- BH (silentvoice@pobox.com), October 05, 1999.


    Although the Plum Island scenario is intriguing, please read about the introduction of the Asian Tiger mosquito (below). Mosquitos carrying the West Nile Virus (aka West Nile Fever) could well have been transported on a ship docking in New York. The article following is about an outbreak in Romania a few years ago.

    http://www.uri.edu/research/eee/tires.html

    [Note: Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), LaCrosse Encephalitis (LACV) ]

    Aedes albopictus (the "Asian Tiger Mosquito") merits special consideration. This species was accidentally transported from Japan to the western hemisphere in the mid-1980's in shipments of used tires. It has since become established in at least 23 states including Indiana and Delaware (6). Based on its native range in Asia, it will likely establish in Rhode Island (7). Its habits are such that it is considered the nation's most dangerous species. That status is because it reproduces rapidly in a wide variety of artificial containers, readily inhabits urban areas, and is a competent vector of EEE (8) and LACV (9). In fact, EEE-infected adults were collected at a large scrap tire pile in Florida in 1991 (6). This finding indicates that this species will readily feed on birds, which are the reservoir for EEE. Since Ae. albopictus is known to feed on a wide variety of mammals, it is considered a potentially effective vector of EEE and LACV.

    It is obvious that eliminating scrap tires will eliminate a prolific mosquito habitat and the associated disease risks. It is also clear that the spread of the Asian Tiger Mosquito has been hastened by interstate shipments of scrap tires (10). Many states have banned importation of scrap tires for this reason. Where elimination is not feasible, mosquito abatement programs may be compelled to suppress mosquito populations at tire piles. This task is problematic and costly, particularly at large piles.

    From CDC, dated February 1997.

    NCID investigates West Nile fever outbreak in Romania

    In late summer and early fall, 1996, health officials in Romania diagnosed several hundred meningoencephalitis cases in Bucharest. After laboratory studies identified antibodies to West Nile virus in several patient specimens, the Romanian Ministry of Health asked CDC to further investigate the outbreak, establish a diagnostic capability in local laboratories, and recommend control measures. NCID staff who took part in the investigation were epidemiologists Linda Han (DVRD), Leslie Tengelsen, Roy Campbell, and Theodore Tsai, and entomologist Harry Savage (DVBID). To date, 299 cases have been confirmed; 15 patients died. West Nile virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, often carried by infected birds, and usually causes fever, headache, rash, and swollen lymph glands, and more rarely, meningoencephalitis. In the summer of 1996, large populations of Culex pipiens mosquitoes in urban Bucharest led to transmission of the virus, possibly after its introduction by infected migratory birds from Africa. The researchers estimated that more than 94,000 persons became ill.

    The results of a case-control study showed that those who were ill were more likely to be older than 70 years, to live in a house rather than an apartment building, to have noticed mosquitoes entering the residence through open windows, and to recall being bitten by mosquitoes more than five times per day.

    The investigators hypothesized that West Nile virus, which has a wide geographic distribution in Africa, the Middle East, India, and Pakistan, may persist in a sylvatic cycle in the Danube River Basin, or, at least, that it is reintroduced there by migratory birds. No West Nile fever cases had been confirmed in Romania before this outbreak. The investigators recommended that health officials 1) develop an education program to inform the community about the mosquito's ability to transmit infectious agents and measures that can be taken to reduce mosquito populations; 2) establish a systematic surveillance program in Bucharest for Cx. pipiens; and 3) draft a contingency epidemic response plan.

    [I also came across the results of a study which strongly suggests deforestation as a culprit in the spread of disease to areas never before affected.]

    -- Old Git (anon@spamproblems.com), October 05, 1999.


    y2k is nothing compared to this stuff...as the crow flies i live in texas hope the crows don't get here.

    -- sandy (rstyree@overland.net), October 06, 1999.

    Are people in New York still getting sick?

    -- sister in NJ (sjl@orchard.plough), October 12, 1999.

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